With the Midwest relying increasingly on foreign-born healthcare professionals to fill critical labor gaps, a new study by the Chicago Council on Global Affairs finds that urgent immigration reforms are needed to ensure the future vitality of the healthcare sector. Updating visa allocations for foreign-born graduates from US medical schools, removing H-1B visa quotas and caps for healthcare professionals, and streamlining credentialing processes for foreign-born professionals would help the United States, and the Midwest in particular, mitigate acute shortages of healthcare workers just as the aging baby boomer population is expected to demand increasing resources.

The healthcare sector, which is fundamental to the U.S. economy and livability, is under strain:

• The US Census projects a 36 percent growth in the number of Americans over age 65 in the next decade, with nearly 1/3 of all physicians retiring because they fall in that age demographic. Meanwhile, the number of individuals needing healthcare is increasing as an estimated 20 percent of Americans will be 65 or older and on Medicare in the next 15 years.
• US-born medical school graduates are not going to fill the gaps because they often pursue careers in lucrative specialties and relocate to coastal cities, causing severe shortages of critical primary care, pediatric, and family medicine physicians in the rural Midwest.
• Foreign-born healthcare professionals who have completed their training overseas face complicated, inconsistent reaccreditation processes in the United States, leaving many unable to practice in their fields.

 
A continued political stalemate on immigration reform means these issues will only grow in urgency. The report argues that Congress should work urgently with the next Administration to update policies to:
 

• Issue visas according to labor force demands.
• Remove H-1B visa quotas and caps on high-skilled doctors and surgeons.
• Streamline credentialing challenges for foreign-born professionals.
• Allow undocumented individuals to access some forms of insurance.
• Train healthcare professionals to provide linguistically and culturally competent care to diverse populations.

As gamification and game mechanics gain popularity in the healthcare space, so too does the need to understand primary motivational factors that influence human behavior. Gamification itself uses game elements and digital game design to address common business dilemmas and drive social change, and has been very popular with the military, airlines industry and even higher education institutions. However, the ability to influence action with gamification is only now gaining traction in the health industry.

Although gamification is here to stay due to factors that include vast U.S. utilization of smart phones, a tech savvy 18-34 population (38% of the uninsured) and advancements in the field such as augmented reality, the underlying motivators to change human behavior are not new.

Behavioral economics differs from traditional forms of economic study – which generally assumes unbounded rationality, unbounded willpower and unbounded selfishness – because it recognizes that individuals are bound by many factors that inhibit decision-making. We see this daily through activities such as smoking and drunk driving. Further, in the healthcare and health insurance sectors, neither patients nor providers know the true costs of care.

Without knowing actual costs of care and fully understanding the various options available, especially in moments of panic, rational decision-making is near impossible. Therefore, departures from rationality materialize in people’s beliefs and in their choices.

With a youthful population in the US that lives a significant portion of their lives online, and are accepting of new technologies in the health space in exchange for ease, the growth of applications and services that target health behaviors is developing at lightening speed. Further, these applications give rewards that motivate change. Most gamification methods in health and wellness are presently built around the notion of positive reinforcement. This is true both in engaging and monitoring patients and engaging and motivating providers. The same principals that incentivize humans to be active in their own health incentivize practitioners to provide better care, leading to better outcomes for patients, and therefore a hospitals bottom line.

As the new landscape of healthcare in the United States takes root, gamification technologies and advances will play an integral role in transforming health and care. Using smartphones, tablets and other mobile devices game mechanics will become more prevalent in almost all parts of the health ecosystem, from education to accountability and monitoring.
Gamification Elements of Vital Importance in Health Technology:

• Real-Time Feedback: Allow users to know their performance as it is happening. Helps to show behaviors, good and bad, as they occur.
• Transparency: Allow for individuals to know their status, and share it with others.
• Goal Setting: Whether large or small, goals create benchmarks that can be used to track progress in ones ambitions. 
• Competition: As a driver of human interaction, rivalry allows individuals to compare their work against that of others.
• Badges: Visual displays that can be awarded to individuals, as well as exhibited to others, are a method of instilling pride in ones work or progress toward a goal.
• Leveling: By using a step-wise approach, users experience continual progress and obtain small, incremental rewards for positive progress.
• Teams: Collaboration can be a strong motivator as individuals hold one another accountable for their progress, and improve their own behaviors to benefit the group.
• Onboarding & Mastery: The ability to gain buy in from users stems directly from their faith in and understanding of the technology they are using and the reason for using the technology to improve health outcomes.

Using long-held behavioral and economic understanding, the ability to improve health outcomes through engagement and interaction has never been greater. Gamification has been a driving force in many sectors of business and social interaction, with healthcare prime for this kind of change. Pathfinder is optimistic that gamification and digital game design techniques, patient-centered care will see great growth.   
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Send along your stories on behavioral economic, incentive and gaming tactics. Pathfinder would love to learn more about what your company is doing and help connect with others in the space.

When confronted with a health system that is expansive beyond comprehension, very complex and severely flawed it is no wonder patients are often passive observers. Providers and administrators often do not know how to navigate the environment themselves, let alone a patient who infrequently touches the system.

This is further complicated by the ever-changing world of health care practices. While adoption rates are often very slow in the clinical setting – taking on average 17 years between research findings and clinical adoption – the transition for consumers is never-ending, often leaving those administering care and those needing care on very different paths.  

Despite this, we know that when a patient is involved in their own health, better outcomes are experienced. Provided with the right tools, we know that many patients will use those tools to their advantage. We also know that new Affordable Care Act and Meaningful Use policies target the creation of better engagement and satisfaction methods and metrics for patients.  
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With that model in mind, how does a provider get a patient to be “engaged” in their own care and stay on course with their prescribed care, all while being compliant in a new world of health reform and get reimbursed? Perhaps it is getting a patient to exercise regularly, take medications properly, or something interactive and different. While no one answer exists, there are steps that can be taken to improve engagement that lead to patients feeling informed enough to take positive action in their own care. Further, with a growing body of literature and new policies, reimbursements and standardization are beginning to coordinate.

When only 10% of consumers are estimated to be “very confident” in their own abilities to find high-quality care and 6% to “affect the cost of care,” it speaks volume about the distance US-based systems need to go to empower those we care for.

Outcomes are a reflection of the pathway that the patient takes, and it is necessary to understand that each person has a different level of understanding, set of resources and faith in their own knowledge. However, patients want to be involved; they want to help.

Providing basic information and ways to seek and find the answers patients need is paramount Virtual coaching, online nursing and secure plan management are also increasingly more important tools that can be employed immediately WITH patients. 
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Whether it is drug adherence, follow-up rehabilitation or making initial care decisions, improving individual perceptions, understanding and abilities is a key component of improving outcomes and creating a strong foundation of patient engagement.